A simple yet powerful Hawthorn Berry Extract with Serrapeptase. Dr. Wong specifically designed this product for his wife who, at that time, had an arrhythmia due to a heart murmur. And, it's formulated to help the body restore its normal, regular heart beat (rate) and rhythm for a more enjoyable, active, symptom-free lifestyle.
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Hawthorn Berry: Known as the "Heart Herb", Hawthorne Berries have been celebrated for centuries as a symbol of the heart, love and protection. These small dark-red berries grow on trees and shrubs of the Crataegus species. Native American Indians used to use Hawthorne Berries during times of grief to bring about a sense of calm centerdness. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, it was included in the first state-approved pharmacopoeis: the Tank Ben Cao, 659 AD. In Germany, the Kommission E has an official monograph guiding the safe prescription, useage and manufacture of Hawthorne Berry. Traditionally, it has been used for cardiovascular problems, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. It has been reported to be especially effective against arrhythmias, improving blood circulation as well as other heart related health concerns. Additional reports show hawthorne berry being used for gastrointestinal health, stimulating digestion and promoting normal stomach functions.
Serrapeptase: A strong systemic enzyme that's used in this formula to enhance absorbtion.
Below, please find research articles and study abstracts that further detail the benefits of some of the active ingredients in our Hawthorn Berry product.*
These studies have been sourced and linked to from online medical research sites. If you'd like to learn more, please click HERE and search by ingredient name.
All rights remain with the copyright holder.
Disclaimer: This section is for educational purposes only. There is no guarantee the product will have these same benefits for everyone. Individual results may vary.*
Hawthorn Berry: from Chemistry to Medical Applications
Polyphenolic Composition of Cragaegus monogyna Jacq.: From Chemistry to Medical Applications
Seyed Fazel Nabavi 1, Solomon Habtemariam 2, Touqeer Ahmed 3, Antoni Sureda 4, Maria Daglia 5,*, Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez 6, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi 1,*
Abstract
The abundance of scientific evidence has shown that many synthetic drugs can cause serious adverse effects in patients. Recently, the search of natural therapeutic agents with low adverse effects has attracted much attention. In particular, considerable interest has focused on edible and medicinal plants, which play an important role in human diet, and have been used for disease treatment since ancient times. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (hawthorn) is one of the most important edible plants of the Rosaceae family and is also used in traditional medicine. Growing evidence has shown that this plant has various interesting physiological and pharmacological activities due to the presence of different bioactive natural compounds. In addition, scientific evidence suggests that the toxicity of hawthorn is negligible. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the available scientific literature about pharmacological activities as well as botanical aspects, phytochemistry and clinical impacts of C. monogyna.
Keywords: Crataegus monogyna, hawthorn, catechins, flavones, pharmacological activities
1. Introduction
Natural products have been of great importance in disease treatment since ancient times. In fact, in traditional medicine, medicinal plants and herbal formulations play a crucial role in the prevention and mitigation of different human diseases. During the past two decades, herbal medicines have received considerable attention as novel therapeutic options for human disease treatment [1,2,3,4,5]. It is widely accepted that the presence of different bioactive compounds is responsible for the pharmacological effects of medicinal plants, among which edible plants are the most promising, due to their negligible adverse effects [6,7,8].
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (common hawthorn) is an endemic member of the Rosaceae family that grows in Europe, Africa, and Asia, where is commonly found as a shrub or small tree 5–10 m tall [9]. Its small dark-red fruit (commonly called haw), which ripens in mid-autumn, is used for different culinary purposes, such as the preparation of jellies, jams, and syrups [10]. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that hawthorn fruit possesses potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, due to the presence of different bioactive compounds, such as epicatechin, hyperoside, and chlorogenic acid (Figure 1) [11,12]. These compounds are reported to have many pharmacological effects, including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, etc. [13,14]. Furthermore, hawthorn fruit possesses tonic effects on the heart [13]; several studies have shown that it could reduce some cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, etc. [9,15,16]. Despite this growing body of evidence, to date there has been little attempt towards a coherent understanding of the potential health effects of hawthorn. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the available literature, regarding traditional use, chemical composition, biological, pharmacological, and toxicological effects of hawthorn.
2. Methods
This study consists of an up-to-date review of the literature, which contains data about chemical composition, pharmacological studies, and medical applications of C. monogyna. Criteria for selecting the material were as follows: a search was conducted on the PubMed database [17], using the keywords “Crataegus monogyna”. The results returned 88 papers up to 2015; these were summarized and critically discussed to provide a consistent review. A second search was conducted on the ClinicalTrials.gov database [18], using the keywords “hawthorn” and “Crataegus monogyna”; this returned 23 clinical trials on this plant, which are summarized in Table 1.
In the following sections traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological and pharmacological effects, adverse effects, drug interaction and clinical impact of C. monogyna will be discussed.
3. Traditional Uses of C. Monogyna
In both Europe and China, hawthorn fruit is commonly used for preparation of many foodstuffs, such as jam, jelly, drink, and wine [9]. In traditional medicine, hawthorn has been widely used to treat human diseases [11,14]. Its medical properties were first described by Dioscorides in De Materia Medica, first century A. D., which formed the core of the European pre-modern pharmacopoeia. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TMC), hawthorn was mentioned in the first state-approved pharmacopoeia: the Tang Ben Cao, 659 A.D. In Europe the most common species used for medicinal purposes are C. monogyna and Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. (which is the accepted name of Crataegus oxyacantha), while in China, Crataegus cuneata Siebold & Zucc. and Crataegus pinnatiftida Bunge are the most well-known and used species [9,19]. In folk medicine, hawthorn has been used for the treatment of cardiac diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and as anti-atherosclerotic agent [15,20,21]. It has been reported to be especially effective against cardiovascular problems, such as heart failure, hypertension with myocardial injuries, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. In addition, it has been used for improving blood circulation system, as well as blood stasis elimination [15]. Hawthorn has also been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, stimulation of digestion, and promotion of stomach functions. Moreover, hawthorn had application in the treatment of indigestion, epigastric distension, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In the European tradition, hawthorn is also used as an anti-spasmodic, cardiotonic, astringent, and diuretic agent [22,23,24].
To continue reading about the phytochemistry of C. Monogyna and to view the references, please visit the published study at the NIH here: PMC4586556
Effects of Hawthorn on Hyperglycemic, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabeties
Regulatory effects of hawthorn polyphenols on hyperglycemic, inflammatory, insulin resistance responses, and alleviation of aortic injury in type 2 diabetic rats
Affiliations
- PMID: 33773689
- DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110239
Abstract
Hawthorn polyphenol extract (HPE) is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanism underlying its beneficial effects remains unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of HPE on insulin resistance, inflammation, and aortic injury in T2D rats, using metformin (MF) as a positive control. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine the primary polyphenols in HPE. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate pathological conditions of the skeletal muscle, liver, and aorta vessels in each group. The levels of serum and intestinal tissue oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also assessed. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression levels in the associated molecular pathway. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from colon contents were determined using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility chromatography. Our results showed that supplementation with 300 mg HPE/kg body weight over four weeks significantly improved total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), insulin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in diabetic rats (p < 0.01). The lesions of skeletal muscle, liver, and aorta in diabetic rats were significantly improved. HPE supplementation also significantly downregulated the inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1) in the liver of diabetic rats via the SIRT1/AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, HPE significantly reduced insulin resistance in T2D rats by upregulating the phosphorylation of glucose absorption protein (GLUT4) and insulin resistance-associated proteins, p-IRS1, p-AKT, and p-PI3K, in the rat liver (p < 0.01). The findings show that HPE could also alleviate aortic injury by activating SIRT1 and regulating the NF-κB and Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathways. Overall, the results of this study suggest that both HPE and MF have similar inhibitory effects on T2D in rats and that HPE could be used as a functional food component in the adjuvant treatment of T2D.
Keywords: Aorta; HS-GC-IMS; Hawthorn polyphenols; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Type 2 diabetes.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Please read full text at PubMed.
Multiple Beneficial Functions of Hawthorn Berry
The hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) fruit as a new dietary source of bioactive ingredients with multiple beneficial functions
Jin-Xin Ma and Wei Yang contributed equally to the work.
Abstract
The discovery of new natural sources has brought increased attention to the development of functional foods. The hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) fruit is an underutilized fruit due to its benefits for human health and good taste. It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients, contributing to its multiple beneficial functions and applications. This review summarized and discussed the main bioactive ingredients, beneficial functions based on in vitro, in vivo, and human studies, and different applications of the hawthorn fruit according to the updated literature in the past 3 years. Hawthorn berries contain phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, pectin, and many other bioactive components, which have a variety of beneficial functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, intestinal protection, cardiovascular protection, hepatoprotection, anti-cancer, and neuroprotection. Its potential molecular mechanism and different food-related applications such as hawthorn wine and antioxidant drink are discussed in detail in this review. Additionally, hawthorn berries are shown to be safe when consumed within the proper dosage. Collectively, this updated review indicates that the hawthorn fruit can be a new dietary source of bioactive ingredients with multiple beneficial functions and can be affordably developed into functional and medicinal foods for the prevention and management of certain chronic diseases.
There's much more information in the study, if you'd like to read it, please click on the link from the study title above.
Strength Training and Hawthorn Berry
Modulation of GPC-4 and GPLD1 serum levels by improvinlycemic indices in type 2 diabetes: Resistance training and hawthorn extract intervention
PMCID: PMC10161711 PMID: 37151681
Abstract
Aims
This study was designed to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) and hawthorn extract (Ha) on Glypican-4 (GPC-4) and Insulin-regulated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPLD1) serum levels in T2DM and to examine the relationship of these variables with glycemic indexes.
Method
40 male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups: Healthy Control (H-C), Diabetes Control (D-C), Diabetes Resistance training (D-RT), Diabetes Hawthorn (D-Ha), and Diabetes Resistance training Hawthorn (D-RT-Ha). T2DM was induced with a 4-week high-fat diet (HFD) and one dose of STZ intraperitoneal injection (35 mg/kg). 1-week after the injection, RT (with a range of 50%–100%1RM/3 day/week) and gavage of Ha extract (100 mg/kg/day) was performed for 12 weeks.
Results
The glycemic indices improvement (reducing blood glucose and increasing serum insulin level) caused by RT and/or Ha increased GPC-4 and decreased GPLD1 in the T2DM rats, but these positive changes were more effective in the combination of RT + Ha. A strong correlation was also observed between GPC-4 and GPLD1 with blood glucose and insulin.
Conclusion
The increase in serum GPC-4 levels was probably due to the direct effect of RT + Ha, and the improvement of glycemic indexes after RT and Ha. The double effect of RT + Ha can be a regulatory mechanism for GPC-4 and its related factors in controlling T2DM complications.
Keywords: Diabetes, Exercise training, Medicinal plants, GPC-4, GPLD1, Insulin
Hawthorn Protects Organs in Diabetes
Molecular Mechanisms of Hawthorn Extracts in Multiple Organs Disorders in Underlying of Diabetes: A Review
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important metabolic disorders associated with chronic hyperglycemia and occurs when the body cannot manage insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance are the major pathophysiological factors of types 1 and 2 of DM, respectively. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to multiple organs dysfunctions, including nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, gastropathy, and micro- and macrovascular disorders. The basis of the metabolic abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein in diabetes is insufficient action of insulin on various target tissues. Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive chemical compounds with therapeutic effects. The beneficial effects of leaves, fruits, and flowers extracts of Crataegus oxyacantha, commonly called hawthorn, belonging to the Rosaceae family, are widely used as hawthorn-derived medicines. Data in this review have been collected from the scientific articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scientific Information Database from 2000 to 2021. Based on this review, hawthorn extracts appear both therapeutic and protective effects against diabetic-related complications in various organs through molecular mechanisms, such as decreasing triglyceride, cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein and increasing the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, decreasing malondialdehyde level, and attenuating tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and increasing the phosphorylation of glucose transporter 4, insulin receptor substrate 1, AKT and phosphoinositide 3-kinases, and attenuating blood sugar and regulation of insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and improvement of histopathological changes in pancreatic beta cells. Collectively, hawthorn can be considered as one new target for the research and development of innovative drugs for the prevention or treatment of DM and related problems.
To read the full study, please click on the title link above.
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